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The PROV-K Ontology

This version:
https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/
Latest version:
https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/
Ontology Version IRI:
https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/1.0/
Revision:
1.0
Authors:
Stefano Marchesin
Laura Menotti
Gianmaria Silvello
Imported Ontologies:
SKOS: Simple Knowledge Organization System
PROV-O: The PROV Ontology
Download serialization:
RDF/XML TTL
License:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License
Cite as:
Laura Menotti, Stefano Marchesin, Gianmaria Silvello. Knowledge Provenance. Revision: 1.0. Retrieved from: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/
Ontology Specification Draft

An integration of the PROV Ontology (PROV-O) to account for knowledge provenance

The PROV-K ontology integrates the PROV Ontology (PROV-O) to account for knowledge provenance. The PROV-K ontology represents provenance information of web assertions derived from multiple sources by means of an aggregation algorithm.

Introduction back to ToC

This is a place holder text for the introduction. The introduction should briefly describe the ontology, its motivation, state of the art and goals.

Namespace declarations

Table 1: Namespaces used in the document
[Ontology NS Prefix]<https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/>
contact<http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#>
dc<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
foaf<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
hycl<http://purl.org/petapico/o/hycl#>
orcid<https://orcid.org/>
owl<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
prov<http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>
rdf<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
rdfs<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SIO<http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_>
skos<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
terms<http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
xml<http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
xsd<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

Knowledge Provenance: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Named Individuals

Knowledge Provenance: Description back to ToC

The PROV-K ontology integrates the PROV Ontology (PROV-O) to account for web assertions derived from multiple sources by means of an aggregation algorithm.

Cross-reference for Knowledge Provenance classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Knowledge Provenance.

Classes

AND Propositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/ANDProposition

A proposition that is the "AND" of other proposition(s).
has super-classes
Composite Proposition c

Asserted Propositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/AssertedProposition

An assertion that is not dependent on any other propositions.
has super-classes
Proposition c

Assigned Truth Valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/AssignedTruthValue

The assertion's truth value assigned by the assertion's creator.
has super-classes
Truth Value c
has sub-classes
Reliable Fact c, Unreliable Fact c
is in domain of
assignedCertaintyDegree dp, assignedCertaintyDegreeSupport dp

Composite Propositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/CompositeProposition

A proposition composed by the aggregation of other propositions.
has super-classes
Dependent Proposition c
has sub-classes
AND Proposition c, Negation Proposition c, OR Proposition c

Consistency Conditionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/ConsistencyCondition

Class comprising information about a consistency condition, i.e. whether a fact is not supported by contrasting evidence.
has super-classes
Reliability Condition c
is in domain of
consistencyCriteria op
is in range of
hasConsistencyScore op

Consistency Criteriac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/ConsistencyCriteria

A criteria for which the assertion can be deemed as "inconsistent".
is in range of
consistencyCriteria op

Constrasting Evidencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/ConstrastingEvidence

Fact is unreliable due to contrasting evidence.
has super-classes
Unreliable Fact c
is in domain of
hasConsistencyScore op

Dependent Propositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/DependentProposition

A proposition whose truth value depend upon other propositions.
has super-classes
Proposition c
has sub-classes
Composite Proposition c, Derived Proposition c, Equivalent Proposition c

Derived Propositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/DerivedProposition

A proposition that is a conclusion derived from some premises using logical deduction.
has super-classes
Dependent Proposition c

Equivalent Propositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/EquivalentProposition

A proposition that is the reproduction of another proposition.
has super-classes
Dependent Proposition c

Fieldc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/Field

Knowledge field.

Insufficient Evidencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/InsufficientEvidence

Fact is unreliable due to insufficient evidence.
has super-classes
Unreliable Fact c
is in domain of
hasSufficiencyScore op

Negation Propositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/NEGProposition

A proposition that is the negation of other proposition(s).
has super-classes
Composite Proposition c

OR Propositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/ORProposition

A proposition that is the "OR" of other proposition(s).
has super-classes
Composite Proposition c

Propositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/Proposition

Declerative sentence that is either true or false.
has super-classes
entity
has sub-classes
Asserted Proposition c, Dependent Proposition c
is in domain of
conflictingWith op, hasSignature op, hasTruthValue op, supportedBy op
is in range of
trustedProposition op

Reliability Conditionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/ReliabilityCondition

Class describing conditions to be met to state a fact is reliable.
has sub-classes
Consistency Condition c, Sufficiency Condition c
is in domain of
conditionScore dp, conditionThreshold dp
is in range of
unmetCondition op

Reliable Factc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/ReliableFact

Assertion is assigned truth value as a "reliable fact" by its creator.
has super-classes
Assigned Truth Value c

sentencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000113

Is defined by
http://semanticscience.org/ontology/sio.owl
has super-classes
entity
is in range of
conflictingWith op, supportedBy op

Signaturec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/Signature

Digital signature of the assertion.
is in domain of
digitalSIgnature dp, signatureStatus dp
is in range of
hasSignature op

Sufficiency Conditionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/SufficiencyCondition

Class comprising information about a sufficiency condition, i.e. whether there is enough evidence to deem the fact as "reliable".
has super-classes
Reliability Condition c
is in domain of
sufficiencyCriteria op
is in range of
hasSufficiencyScore op

Sufficiency Criteriac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/SufficiencyCriteria

A condition for which the assertion can be deemed "unreliable due to insufficient evidence".
is in range of
sufficiencyCriteria op

Trust Relationshipc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/TrustRelationship

Trust relationship between an agent and an information creator or between an agent and an assertion.
has super-classes
instantaneous event
has sub-classes
Trust Relationship with an Information Creator c, Trust Relationship with an assertion c

Trust Relationship with an assertionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/PropositionTrustRelationship

Trust relationship where an agent "a" trusts assertion "x".
has super-classes
Trust Relationship c
is in domain of
trustedProposition op

Trust Relationship with an Information Creatorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/InfoCreatorTrustRelationship

Trust relationship where a provenance requester (agent) "a" trusts information creator "c" in a specific knowledge field "f". Here, "trust" means that "a" believes any assertion created by "c" in field "f".
has super-classes
Trust Relationship c
is in domain of
trustedInfoCreator op, trustorAgent op

Trusted Truth Valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/TrustedTruthValue

The assertion's truth value evaluated and trusted by a specific provenance requester, i.e. by an agent.
has super-classes
Truth Value c
is in domain of
certaintyDegree dp
is in range of
assignsTrustedTruthValue op

Truth Valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/TruthValue

The assertion's truth value assigned by the creator or trusted by an agent.
has super-classes
instantaneous event
has sub-classes
Assigned Truth Value c, Trusted Truth Value c
is in domain of
truthValue dp
is in range of
hasTruthValue op

Unreliable Factc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/UnreliableFact

Assertion is assigned truth value as a "unreliable fact" by its creator.
has super-classes
Assigned Truth Value c
has sub-classes
Constrasting Evidence c, Insufficient Evidence c
is in domain of
unmetCondition op, unreliabilityReason dp

Object Properties

assignsTrustedTruthValueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/assignsTrustedTruthValue

Links the agent to the trusted truth value assigned to an assertion.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
agent
has range
Trusted Truth Value c

claimsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/petapico/o/hycl#claims

is inverse of
supportedBy op

conflictingWithop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/conflictingWith

Links the assertion to the sentences that conflict with it
has domain
Proposition c
has range
sentence c

consistencyCriteriaop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/consistencyCriteria

Links a consistency condition to the adopted criteria.
has domain
Consistency Condition c
has range
Consistency Criteria c

dependsOnop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/dependsOn

Links a dependent proposition to the proposition it depends on. "Dependent Proposition x depends on Proposition y".
has domain
Dependent Proposition c
has range
Proposition

hasConsistencyScoreop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/hasConsistencyScore

Links a "contrasting evidence" truth value to its consistency test.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Constrasting Evidence c
has range
Consistency Condition c

hasSignatureop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/hasSignature

Links an assertion to its digital signature

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Proposition c
has range
Signature c

hasSufficiencyScoreop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/hasSufficiencyScore

Links an "insufficient evidence" truth value to its sufficiency test.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Insufficient Evidence c
has range
Sufficiency Condition c

hasTruthValueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/hasTruthValue

Links an assertion to its assigned truth value or trusted truth value.
has domain
Proposition c
has range
Truth Value c

sufficiencyCriteriaop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/sufficiencyCriteria

Links a sufficiency condition to the adopted criteria.
has domain
Sufficiency Condition c
has range
Sufficiency Criteria c

supportedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/supportedBy

Links the assertion to the sentences that support it.
has domain
Proposition c
has range
sentence c
is inverse of
claims op

trustedInfoCreatorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/trustedInfoCreator

Links an information creator to the trust relationship with an agent.
has domain
Trust Relationship with an Information Creator c
has range
agent or entity

trustedPropositionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/trustedProposition

Links an assertion to its trust relationship with an agent.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Trust Relationship with an assertion c
has range
Proposition c

trustorAgentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/trustorAgent

Links the provenance requester, i.e. an agent, to its trust relationship with an information creator.
has domain
Trust Relationship with an Information Creator c
has range
agent

unmetConditionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/unmetCondition

Links a truth value to the unmet conditions that deemed the assertion as "unreliable".
has domain
Unreliable Fact c
has range
Reliability Condition c

Data Properties

assignedCertaintyDegreedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/assignedCertaintyDegree

The assigned degree of certainty of an assertion is the probability that the information creator assigns truth value to be "True".

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Assigned Truth Value c
has range

assignedCertaintyDegreeSupportdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/assignedCertaintyDegreeSupport

The support of the property "assignedCertaintyDegree".

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Assigned Truth Value c
has range
integer

certaintyDegreedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/certaintyDegree

The degree of certainty of an assertion is defined as the probability in which an agent assigned the trusted truth value to be "True".

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Trusted Truth Value c
has range

conditionScoredp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/conditionScore

The condition score assigned by the performed test.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Reliability Condition c
has range
float

conditionThresholddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/conditionThreshold

Fixed threshold for the condition.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Reliability Condition c
has range
float

digitalSIgnaturedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/digitalSignature

The digital signature of an assertion.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Signature c
has range
plain literal

signatureStatusdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/signatureStatus

The digital signature verification status of an assertion "x", which may be one of three status: "Verified"-- the signature is verified successfully; "Failed"-- the signature verification is failed; and "NoSignature"-- do not have digital signature.

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Signature c
has range
{ "Failed" , "NoSignaure" , "Verified" }

truthValuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/truthValue

The truth value of an assertion, which may be "True", "False", or "Unknown".

has characteristics: functional

has domain
Truth Value c
has range
{ "False" , "True" , "Unknown" }

unreliabilityReasondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/PROV-K/ontology/schema/unreliabilityReason

Why the assertion is deemed as "unreliable" by its creator.
has domain
Unreliable Fact c
has range
string

Named Individuals

Gianmaria Silvelloni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-4554

belongs to
person c

Laura Menottini back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-682X

belongs to
person c

Stefano Marchesinni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-5893

belongs to
person c

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals

References back to ToC

Add your references here. It is recommended to have them as a list.

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.